Somalia’s history of conflict unveils an intriguing scenario. Many factors that drive armed conflict have, on the other hand, played a role in managing,ending and/or preventing bloody clashes. As a matter of fact, clanism and clan leverages are seen as a major factor in the conflict issue as it was used to divide Somalis,(otherwise homegenouos linguistically and religiouosly); fuel endemic clashes over resources and power; used to mobilize militia and make broad based reconciliation very difficult to achieve.

Most armed fighting, since 1991, has been carried out in the name of clan, often as a result of political leaders manipulating clanism for their own self fish purposes. Notwithstanding , the traditional clan elders are a primary source of conflict mediation, while clan-based customary law serves as the basis for negotiated settlement and clan-based blood –payment groups serve as a deterrent to armed violence. In some areas, war economies have emerged as factors that perpetuate violence and lawlessness, in Somalia.

The sustenance of the problem prompted Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) to intervene and address the variety of resource-based conflict issues, which were related to the environmental degradation and deforestation, particularly the charcoal production and exportation. This issue was core cause of RBCs, such that it was coined as Charcoal-Based Resource Conflict.

Many people lost their lives and assets, during incidents of conflicts (fighting) over the use of forest resource between pastoralists and charcoal burners.

Competition over diminishing forest resources, unequal allocation of relief aid and unhealthy rivalry between users, amid the absence of effective central government has been factors exacerbating the continuity and the potentiality of Resource-based Conflict in the region.

Sequence of violence over scarce Natural Resource, coupled with threats to sustainability of livelihoods due to prolonged drought, natural disasters, livestock ban and human-induced environmental degradation more often lead to and is generated by poverty, failure of governance and political manipulation.

Without environmental protection, there will be no sustainable development and no positive outcome for poverty reduction strategy. It is therefore imperative to note how environmental issues are linked to other development issues as well as how decisive the management of environmental resources is for communities livelihoods.

Maintaining environmental quality and improving degraded environments are precondition for achieving sustainable development and meeting the Millennium Development Goals. They are all crucially important for enhancing human well –being, including security.

In view of the above, the National RBC Network of Puntland , have set and prioritized its goals as follows:

1. Goal one:
   To foster the attainment of pastoralist rights to water, land and health services as well as lobby for a policy toward viable pastoral livelihoods.
2. Goal two:
   To contribute toward environmental conservation and sustainable exploitation of natural resources in Puntland.
3. Goal three:
   To inculcate a culture of peace building and conflict prevention in conflict prone areas of Puntland.

There were also other issues seen as likely or potential RBC issues in Puntland , namely the Mineral exploitation controversy and Human trafficking issues.